Joseph
SILK (
Cosmology
7 lectures: 19, 20, 21, 22 September, 2, 3,
19 Sept: J. Silk
1a. Evidence for dark matter: galaxy rotation curves, clusters of galaxies,
large-scale clustering, gravitational lensing)
1b. Baryonic dark matter: primordial nucleosynthesis,
CMB, IGM, clusters, microlensing
20 Sept: JSilk
2. Nonbaryonic dark matter: candidates, direct
detection, indirect detection, cold dark matter
21 Sept: J.P. Uzan
1. Introduction
Goals of cosmology, limitations.
1. Uniformity
Principles
Hypothesis underlying the construction of
cosmological models.
1. gravity
2. nature of
matter
3. cosmological
and Copernician principles
4. topology
2. Homogeneous and
isotropic universe models
Homogeneity, isotropy, constant curvature
space, FLRW spacetime, conformal time, Killing
vectors.
1. Kinematics of
FLRW models
Hubble law, light, redshift,
test particle.
1. Dynamics of
FLRW models
Geometric quantities, matter, Friedmann
equations, some solutions, reduced form, dynamical system approach.
1. Time and
distances
Age of the universe, look-back time, angular
distance, luminosity distance, duality relation, units.
22 Sept: J.P. Uzan
Part Ib:
Cosmological models (2)
1. Horizons
Event horizon, particle horizon,
Penrose-Carter diagrams.
1. The hot
big-bang model
Hubble constant, age of the universe, thermal history,
nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background.
1. Beyond FLRW
models
3+1 covariant approach, generalized Hubble law, Raychaudhuri equation, generalized Friedmann
equation, Killing vectors, Bianchi I, Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi.
9- Problems and
open questions
02 Oct: J. Silk
3a. Galaxy formation: Nonlinear theory, hierarchical growth, first stars, chemical
evolution
3b. Formation of spiral galaxies: angular momentum, disk instability, star
formation rate, Tully-Fisher relation
4a. Formation of elliptical galaxies: mergers, spheroid formation, fundamental
plane
4b. Active galactic nuclei and quasars: Role of supermassive
black holes, scaling relations
03 Oct: J.P. Uzan
Part IIa: cosmological
perturbation theory (1)
1. Introduction
1. Newtonian
perturbation theory
Static spacetime, expanding spacetime,
growth factor, toward the non-linear regime.
1. Gauge invariant
cosmological perturbations
Gauge problem, gauge invariant metric
perturbations, matter, perturbation equations.
1. Some solutions
Vector modes,
tensor modes, scalar modes.
1. Power spectrum
of density perturbation
04 Oct: J.P. Uzan
Part IIb: cosmological perturbation theory
(2)
1. CMB
anisotropies
Sachs-Wolfe formula, angular power spectrum,
toward the kinetic approach.
See also lecture by F. Bouchet
for observational aspects.
1. Weak lensing
Principle, weak lensing by
large scale structures, Sachs equation, cosmic shear.
See also lecture by Y. Mellier
for observational aspects
1. Origin of the
perturbations: inflation
Principle, implementation, slow-roll conditions, zoo
of models, origin of fluctuations, generic prediction, WMAP, eternal inflation
See also lecture by V. Mukhanov
for extended discussion.
1. Conclusions
Satus of the model, open
issues.
Plots shown in the lectures
Some reference articles:
G.F.R.
Ellis, 1975, Cosmology and verifiability.
J.
Bernstein, 1989, Cosmological helium
production simplified.
D. Lyth, 1993, introduction to
cosmology.
H. van Elst and G.F.R Ellis, 1998, Cosmological models.
K.
Olive et al., 2000, Primordial nucleosynthesis: theory and observations.
M.
Bartelmann and P.
Schneider, 2001, weak gravitational lensing.
Y. Mellier, 2003, Gravitational
lensing by large scale structures.
F. Bernardeau et al., 2002, large
scale structures of the universe and cosmological perturbation theory.
F.
Bernardeau, 2003, dark matter, dark energy...
G.F.R.
Ellis, 2004, issues on the philosophy of cosmology, Issues in the Philosophy of Cosmology, astro-ph/0602280 .
A. Linde, Particle Physics and Inflationary Cosmology, hep-th/0503203.
Mukhanov, Feldmann,
Brandenberger, 1992, Theory
of cosmological perturbations.